What major development in airpower occurred during the Cold War?

The major development in airpower during the Cold War was the advancement of nuclear deterrence and missile technology. This period was characterized by a significant emphasis on strategic deterrence, which relied heavily on the capability to launch nuclear strikes through advanced delivery systems, including bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

The development of these technologies fundamentally changed the nature of airpower, shifting the focus from conventional aerial combat and bombing tactics to nuclear capabilities that aimed to prevent conflict through the threat of mutually assured destruction. The ability to deliver nuclear weapons effectively and accurately became paramount, thus leading to significant innovations in missile technology and strategic air capabilities.

In contrast, while jet-powered aircraft were indeed introduced and improved during this period, this advancement occurred before and continued into the Cold War, making it less specific to this era. Similarly, the emphasis on conventional bombing tactics was overshadowed by the prevailing focus on nuclear strategies. Lastly, the Army Air Corps was disbanded prior to the Cold War, as it transformed into the United States Air Force in 1947. Thus, the advancements in nuclear deterrence and missile technology distinctly defined the strategic landscape during the Cold War era.